The ketogenic diet has gained attention for potential benefits beyond weight loss and blood sugar control—including its effects on depression. Some research suggests that keto may ease depressive symptoms by influencing brain chemistry, reducing inflammation, and improving cellular energy. On the flip side, its restrictive nature may also contribute to or worsen depression in certain individuals.

While there are promising signs, most of the current evidence comes from animal studies. More research in humans is needed before strong conclusions can be drawn.

Ways the Keto Diet May Improve Depression

🔹 It Might Boost GABA Levels

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is a brain chemical that plays a key role in calming the nervous system and regulating mood. Low levels of GABA have been linked to depression and anxiety.
Animal research indicates that keto may increase GABA production, which could help reduce depressive symptoms. More human-based studies are needed to confirm this effect.

🔹 It Could Improve Mitochondrial Function

Mitochondria are the energy-producing structures in your cells. When they don’t function properly, energy production decreases, which is thought to be linked to depression.
People with depression may have reduced levels of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the cell’s main energy molecule.
One study from 2020 found that a keto diet, especially when paired with exercise, may help increase ATP levels in the brain.

🔹 It May Reduce Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress occurs when harmful free radicals accumulate and damage cells—a condition often found in people with depression.
Following a ketogenic diet may lower oxidative stress by improving antioxidant levels and decreasing cell damage.

🔹 It May Enhance Insulin Sensitivity

Insulin not only regulates blood sugar, but also plays a role in brain health. Insulin resistance has been associated with depression and mood imbalances.
Some research suggests that keto can help improve insulin function, potentially offering mental health benefits as well.

🔹 It May Lower Inflammation

Chronic inflammation is another biological factor linked to depression.
Evidence shows that keto can help reduce inflammatory markers, which might ease depressive symptoms in some individuals.

How the Keto Diet Could Potentially Worsen Depression

Despite its possible benefits, keto doesn’t work for everyone. For some, it can negatively affect mood due to its strict limitations.

The diet restricts or eliminates:

• Sugar

• Grains and starches

• Legumes

• Most fruits and some vegetables

This rigidity can be emotionally challenging—especially if you find comfort in certain foods or struggle with making sudden dietary changes. The lack of variety may also lead to nutritional gaps that can impact mental health.

Key nutrients that influence mood and may become deficient on keto include:

• B vitamins

• Vitamin D

• Magnesium

• Zinc

• Selenium

• Iron

• Calcium

• Omega-3 fatty acids

In addition, the social aspect of eating can take a hit. If you’re frequently eating alone to stay on track with keto or avoiding social meals, this can lead to feelings of isolation—another risk factor for depression.

When Keto May Be Harming Your Mood

Feeling down occasionally is normal, but ongoing sadness, loss of interest, or emotional withdrawal could signal a depressive disorder. If your diet seems to be contributing to these symptoms, it’s important to listen to your body and mind.

If keto leaves you feeling restricted, isolated, or physically unwell, it may not be the right fit for your mental health needs—and that’s okay. It’s perfectly valid to try a different approach.

The Bottom Line

The keto diet shows promise for supporting brain health and potentially easing symptoms of depression. Its effects on neurotransmitters, inflammation, and cellular energy may be helpful for some people with mood disorders.

However, keto’s strict guidelines may lead to nutrient deficiencies, emotional discomfort, or social isolation in others—factors that can increase or trigger depressive symptoms.

If you’re experiencing depression or suspect your diet is impacting your mental health, it’s best to talk to a doctor or mental health professional. Personalized guidance can help you find a sustainable plan that supports both physical and emotional well-being.